Share of employment by sex in industry: Employment in off-farm agrifood systems — Value — Female — All age ranges or no breakdown by age — National — Non-agricultural agrifood systems by country
The Suite of Gender Indicators presents a set of indicators relevant to agrifood systems that are disaggregated by sex, with the aim of highlighting gender differences across agrifood systems. The initial set of indicators is based on those used in FAO’s 2023 Status of Women in Agrifood Systems (SWAFS) report and...
Countries reporting
174
Highest
82.58 %
Tonga
Lowest
4.66 %
Jordan
Median
47.68 %
Years covered
24
2000–2023
Data points
4,710
What the numbers show
Share of employment by sex in industry: Employment in off-farm agrifood systems — Value — Female — All age ranges or no breakdown by age — National — Non-agricultural agrifood systems is currently reported for 174 countries. The highest value is 82.58 % in Tonga; the lowest is 4.66 % in Jordan.
The median across all reporting countries is 47.68 %, and the mean is 45.72 %.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 18.
Over the past decade 120 countries rose and 53 fell. The largest increase was in Polynesia (up 168.9%), and the largest decrease in Bangladesh (down 57.2%).
Share of employment by sex in industry: Employment in off-farm: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tonga | 82.58 % | 2023 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 1 | Polynesia | 78.2 % | 2023 | up 168.9% | rising |
| 2 | China, mainland | 75.26 % | 2023 | down 2.6% | flat |
| 2 | Melanesia | 63.53 % | 2023 | up 9.8% | rising |
| 3 | Benin | 73.84 % | 2023 | up 3.2% | flat |
| 3 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 62.88 % | 2023 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 4 | Sierra Leone | 73.31 % | 2022 | up 4.1% | flat |
| 4 | Côte d'Ivoire | 62.3 % | 2023 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 4 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 62.01 % | 2023 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 5 | Togo | 71.52 % | 2023 | up 2.3% | flat |
| 5 | Timor-Leste | 61.71 % | 2023 | up 16.3% | rising |
| 6 | Ghana | 69.85 % | 2023 | up 1.7% | rising |
| 6 | Viet Nam | 61.18 % | 2023 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 7 | Nigeria | 68.86 % | 2023 | up 6.1% | flat |
| 7 | Micronesia | 60.1 % | 2023 | up 24.9% | falling |
| 8 | Angola | 68.2 % | 2023 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 9 | Gambia | 67.85 % | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 9 | Cabo Verde | 53.74 % | 2023 | up 4.1% | rising |
| 10 | Ethiopia | 67.57 % | 2022 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 10 | Republic of Moldova | 53.27 % | 2023 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 11 | Guinea-Bissau | 67.44 % | 2023 | up 4.9% | flat |
| 11 | United Republic of Tanzania | 52.2 % | 2023 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 12 | Bahamas | 65.82 % | 2023 | up 3.3% | flat |
| 12 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 50.14 % | 2023 | up 3.9% | flat |
| 13 | Liberia | 65.79 % | 2022 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 14 | Papua New Guinea | 63.7 % | 2023 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 15 | Madagascar | 62.57 % | 2023 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 15 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 32.18 % | 2017 | down 5.5% | flat |
| 16 | Malawi | 62.31 % | 2023 | up 9.3% | flat |
| 16 | Türkiye | 29.35 % | 2023 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 17 | Cambodia | 62.17 % | 2023 | up 9.5% | flat |
| 17 | Syrian Arab Republic | 24.87 % | 2022 | up 29.6% | flat |
| 18 | Namibia | 62.09 % | 2023 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 18 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 18.1 % | 2023 | down 0.9% | falling |
| 19 | El Salvador | 61.11 % | 2023 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 20 | Chad | 59.55 % | 2023 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 20 | Caribbean | 45.38 % | 2023 | up 10.7% | rising |
| 21 | Burkina Faso | 59.51 % | 2022 | up 4.0% | flat |
| 22 | Bhutan | 58.73 % | 2023 | down 2.1% | rising |
| 23 | Guinea | 58.49 % | 2022 | up 23.2% | rising |
| 24 | Peru | 57.93 % | 2023 | down 1.3% | rising |
| 25 | Zimbabwe | 57.06 % | 2023 | up 9.5% | flat |
| 26 | Senegal | 56.82 % | 2023 | up 22.6% | rising |
| 27 | Central African Republic | 56.63 % | 2022 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 28 | Republic of Korea | 56.18 % | 2023 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 29 | Thailand | 56.11 % | 2023 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 30 | Niger | 54.84 % | 2023 | up 5.9% | falling |
| 31 | Solomon Islands | 54.8 % | 2022 | up 2.3% | flat |
| 32 | Lesotho | 54.33 % | 2023 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 33 | Japan | 54.22 % | 2023 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 34 | Zambia | 54.07 % | 2023 | up 6.9% | flat |
| 35 | Paraguay | 53.98 % | 2023 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 36 | Uganda | 53.82 % | 2023 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 37 | Barbados | 53.2 % | 2022 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 38 | Botswana | 52.96 % | 2023 | up 17.0% | flat |
| 39 | Mali | 52.95 % | 2023 | down 3.3% | flat |
| 40 | Honduras | 52.61 % | 2023 | down 0.8% | rising |
| 41 | Indonesia | 52.55 % | 2023 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 42 | Sao Tome and Principe | 52.46 % | 2023 | up 15.0% | rising |
| 43 | Cameroon | 51.94 % | 2023 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 44 | Romania | 51.78 % | 2023 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 45 | Kenya | 51.69 % | 2023 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 46 | Estonia | 51.62 % | 2023 | up 2.1% | falling |
| 47 | Lithuania | 51.22 % | 2023 | down 1.8% | flat |
| 47 | Montenegro | 51.22 % | 2023 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 49 | Belarus | 50.76 % | 2023 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 50 | Somalia | 50.66 % | 2023 | up 3.7% | flat |
| 51 | Czechia | 50.54 % | 2023 | down 3.2% | flat |
| 52 | Bulgaria | 50.49 % | 2023 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 53 | Slovakia | 50.08 % | 2023 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 54 | Mongolia | 50.07 % | 2023 | down 3.2% | rising |
| 55 | Portugal | 49.84 % | 2023 | up 2.6% | falling |
| 56 | Jamaica | 49.75 % | 2023 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 57 | Gabon | 49.67 % | 2023 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 58 | Haiti | 49.59 % | 2022 | up 5.8% | flat |
| 59 | Finland | 49.43 % | 2023 | up 6.3% | flat |
| 60 | Argentina | 49.05 % | 2023 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 61 | Ecuador | 49.04 % | 2023 | up 3.2% | rising |
| 62 | Comoros | 49.03 % | 2023 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 63 | New Zealand | 48.88 % | 2023 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 64 | Vanuatu | 48.79 % | 2023 | down 5.3% | rising |
| 65 | Mozambique | 48.66 % | 2022 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 66 | Guatemala | 48.64 % | 2023 | up 2.9% | flat |
| 67 | Armenia | 48.48 % | 2023 | up 18.8% | rising |
| 68 | Latvia | 48.01 % | 2023 | down 2.0% | flat |
| 69 | Mauritania | 47.97 % | 2023 | up 2.8% | flat |
| 70 | Poland | 47.95 % | 2023 | up 6.2% | falling |
| 71 | Croatia | 47.92 % | 2023 | up 4.4% | flat |
| 71 | Eswatini | 47.92 % | 2023 | down 10.5% | flat |
| 73 | Georgia | 47.91 % | 2023 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 74 | Mexico | 47.87 % | 2023 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 75 | Myanmar | 47.85 % | 2023 | up 2.6% | flat |
| 76 | Grenada | 47.51 % | 2023 | up 3.6% | flat |
| 77 | Ukraine | 47.31 % | 2021 | down 4.4% | flat |
| 78 | Luxembourg | 47.3 % | 2023 | up 17.3% | flat |
| 79 | Slovenia | 47.2 % | 2023 | up 1.3% | falling |
| 80 | Brunei Darussalam | 47.19 % | 2023 | up 21.4% | flat |
| 81 | Serbia | 47.03 % | 2023 | up 4.0% | flat |
| 82 | Hungary | 46.95 % | 2023 | down 2.9% | flat |
| 83 | Australia and New Zealand | 46.85 % | 2023 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 84 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 46.79 % | 2023 | up 7.9% | flat |
| 85 | Belize | 46.78 % | 2022 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 86 | Trinidad and Tobago | 46.5 % | 2023 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 87 | Colombia | 46.48 % | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 88 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 46.44 % | 2023 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 89 | Albania | 46.39 % | 2023 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 90 | Nicaragua | 46.22 % | 2023 | down 3.3% | rising |
| 91 | Australia | 46.19 % | 2023 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 92 | Russian Federation | 46.14 % | 2023 | down 3.5% | flat |
| 93 | Rwanda | 45.89 % | 2023 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 94 | Philippines | 45.8 % | 2023 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 95 | Guyana | 45.43 % | 2022 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 96 | Austria | 45.37 % | 2023 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 97 | South Africa | 45.21 % | 2023 | down 4.9% | falling |
| 98 | Spain | 44.98 % | 2023 | up 7.0% | flat |
| 99 | Germany | 43.51 % | 2023 | down 12.7% | falling |
| 100 | Dominican Republic | 43.38 % | 2023 | up 35.1% | rising |
| 101 | Nepal | 43.34 % | 2022 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 102 | Canada | 43.31 % | 2023 | up 3.2% | falling |
| 103 | Denmark | 43.3 % | 2023 | up 10.2% | flat |
| 104 | Chile | 43.06 % | 2023 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 105 | Suriname | 42.86 % | 2023 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 106 | Costa Rica | 42.64 % | 2023 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 107 | Panama | 42.56 % | 2023 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 108 | Norway | 42.1 % | 2023 | up 2.6% | falling |
| 109 | Malaysia | 41.99 % | 2023 | up 2.9% | flat |
| 110 | Ireland | 41.71 % | 2023 | up 9.2% | falling |
| 111 | Seychelles | 41.53 % | 2023 | down 10.6% | falling |
| 112 | Brazil | 41.29 % | 2023 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 113 | Djibouti | 41.23 % | 2023 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 114 | Cyprus | 41.15 % | 2023 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 115 | Mauritius | 41.12 % | 2023 | down 2.5% | rising |
| 116 | France | 40.75 % | 2023 | up 5.1% | flat |
| 117 | Italy | 40.69 % | 2023 | down 4.0% | flat |
| 118 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 40.66 % | 2023 | up 0.1% | falling |
| 119 | Samoa | 40.48 % | 2022 | up 27.9% | rising |
| 120 | Switzerland | 40.3 % | 2023 | down 8.8% | falling |
| 121 | North Macedonia | 40.23 % | 2023 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 122 | Greece | 39.76 % | 2023 | up 6.5% | flat |
| 123 | Fiji | 39.42 % | 2022 | up 2.2% | flat |
| 124 | Kyrgyzstan | 38.8 % | 2023 | down 11.0% | falling |
| 125 | Uruguay | 38.6 % | 2023 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 126 | Congo | 37.55 % | 2023 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 127 | Azerbaijan | 36.91 % | 2023 | down 2.5% | rising |
| 128 | Belgium | 36.39 % | 2023 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 129 | Uzbekistan | 36.29 % | 2023 | up 16.5% | rising |
| 130 | Iceland | 36.04 % | 2023 | down 22.0% | falling |
| 131 | Israel | 35.05 % | 2023 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 132 | Sweden | 34.27 % | 2023 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 133 | Maldives | 34.05 % | 2019 | up 1.8% | flat |
| 134 | Tajikistan | 33.87 % | 2022 | up 6.8% | falling |
| 135 | Kazakhstan | 31.89 % | 2023 | down 14.2% | flat |
| 136 | Sri Lanka | 31.5 % | 2023 | down 2.9% | flat |
| 137 | Burundi | 27.76 % | 2023 | up 6.3% | flat |
| 138 | Malta | 21.86 % | 2023 | down 24.8% | falling |
| 139 | India | 20.8 % | 2023 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 140 | Morocco | 20.12 % | 2023 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 141 | Tunisia | 19.45 % | 2023 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 142 | Bahrain | 18.96 % | 2023 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 143 | Saudi Arabia | 18.34 % | 2023 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 144 | Kuwait | 17.66 % | 2023 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 145 | Oman | 17.21 % | 2023 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 146 | Qatar | 16.58 % | 2023 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 147 | Libya | 14.02 % | 2022 | up 13.8% | rising |
| 148 | Lebanon | 13.98 % | 2022 | down 7.7% | flat |
| 149 | Sudan | 13.64 % | 2022 | down 15.9% | falling |
| 150 | Afghanistan | 12.16 % | 2023 | down 40.1% | flat |
| 151 | Palestine, State of | 10.92 % | 2022 | up 32.4% | rising |
| 152 | Algeria | 10.71 % | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 153 | Bangladesh | 9.02 % | 2023 | down 57.2% | rising |
| 154 | Pakistan | 8.48 % | 2023 | up 46.0% | rising |
| 155 | United Arab Emirates | 8.36 % | 2023 | up 15.3% | falling |
| 156 | Egypt | 7.23 % | 2023 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 157 | Jordan | 4.66 % | 2023 | up 8.9% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Eastern Asia 71.38 %
- Western Africa 67.4 %
- Sub-Saharan Africa 64.03 %
- Eastern Africa 60.26 %
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 59.64 %
- Africa 59.09 %
- Middle Africa 57.1 %
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 54.1 %
- Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 53.71 %
- South-eastern Asia 52.82 %
- Oceania 51.83 %
- Central America 48.54 %
- Eastern Europe 47.57 %
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 47.2 %
- Latin America and the Caribbean 47.49 %
- Asia 40.5 %
- Southern Africa 47.1 %
- South America 47.05 %
- Americas 46.82 %
- World 45.61 %
- United States of America 45.46 %
- Northern Europe 45.32 %
- Europe 45.15 %
- Northern America 45.15 %
- European Union (27) 44.19 %
- Southern Europe 43.47 %
- Western Europe 41.84 %
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 39.39 %
- Central Asia 34.7 %
- Western Asia 26.09 %
- Southern Asia 17.86 %
- Northern Africa 12.22 %
About this data
The Suite of Gender Indicators presents a set of indicators relevant to agrifood systems that are disaggregated by sex, with the aim of highlighting gender differences across agrifood systems. The initial set of indicators is based on those used in FAO’s 2023 Status of Women in Agrifood Systems (SWAFS) report and on the recommendations of an expert consultation held in December 2023, and covers key dimensions including economic participation, governance, agency, social norms, assets and services, education, health, and nutrition. Indicator selection was informed by expert judgment and by the availability of data with sufficient geographic and temporal coverage to enable meaningful comparisons across regions and over time. While most indicators are produced and published by FAO and other international organizations, the objective of this domain is to provide a one-stop shop for sex-disaggregated data on agrifood systems.