Cereals and their products — Vitamin A supply (retinol equivalents) — Value by country

The dataset presents average daily per capita macro and micro nutrient availability by country and by FAO/WHO GIFT food groups (that are different from those used for the Food Balance Sheets), expressed in grams/milligrams/micrograms/kcal per capita per day. The population numbers used to calculate these statistics...

Countries reporting
158
Highest
35 μg/cap/d
Malawi
Lowest
0 μg/cap/d
Samoa
Median
2.5 μg/cap/d
Years covered
14
2010–2023
Data points
2,425

What the numbers show

Cereals and their products — Vitamin A supply (retinol equivalents) — Value is currently reported for 158 countries. The highest value is 35 μg/cap/d in Malawi; the lowest is 0 μg/cap/d in Samoa.

The median across all reporting countries is 2.5 μg/cap/d, and the mean is 5.79 μg/cap/d.

Over the past decade 50 countries rose and 30 fell. The largest increase was in Argentina (up 333.3%), and the largest decrease in Indonesia (down 100.0%).

Cereals and their products — Vitamin A supply (retinol equivalents): full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Malawi 35 μg/cap/d 2023 down 10.3% falling
1 Cabo Verde 13 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
2 Mexico 32 μg/cap/d 2023 up 10.3% rising
3 Zambia 27 μg/cap/d 2023 down 18.2% falling
4 Lesotho 26 μg/cap/d 2023 down 35.0% falling
4 Timor-Leste 11 μg/cap/d 2023 down 21.4% falling
5 Bhutan 25 μg/cap/d 2023 flat
6 Guatemala 24 μg/cap/d 2023 down 4.0% flat
6 Paraguay 24 μg/cap/d 2023 up 20.0% rising
6 El Salvador 24 μg/cap/d 2023 up 14.3% rising
7 Democratic Republic of the Congo 6 μg/cap/d 2023 down 14.3% falling
8 Viet Nam 4 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
8 Türkiye 4 μg/cap/d 2023 down 20.0% falling
9 Honduras 23 μg/cap/d 2023 up 4.5% rising
10 Eswatini 22 μg/cap/d 2023 up 29.4% rising
11 Egypt 21 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
12 Uganda 20 μg/cap/d 2023 up 33.3% rising
13 Botswana 19 μg/cap/d 2023 up 18.8% rising
14 Nicaragua 18 μg/cap/d 2023 down 5.3% falling
14 South Africa 18 μg/cap/d 2023 down 25.0% falling
16 Burkina Faso 17 μg/cap/d 2023 down 5.6% flat
16 Kenya 17 μg/cap/d 2023 down 26.1% falling
16 Namibia 17 μg/cap/d 2023 up 41.7% rising
16 Zimbabwe 17 μg/cap/d 2023 down 15.0% flat
20 Mozambique 16 μg/cap/d 2023 up 6.7% falling
21 Ethiopia 15 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
22 Angola 13 μg/cap/d 2023 up 30.0% rising
22 Argentina 13 μg/cap/d 2023 up 333.3% volatile
22 Colombia 13 μg/cap/d 2023 up 44.4% rising
25 Belize 12 μg/cap/d 2023 up 33.3% rising
26 Cameroon 11 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
27 Morocco 10 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
27 Nepal 10 μg/cap/d 2023 up 11.1% rising
27 Peru 10 μg/cap/d 2023 up 25.0% rising
30 Ghana 9 μg/cap/d 2023 up 28.6% rising
30 Nigeria 9 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
30 Rwanda 9 μg/cap/d 2023 up 12.5% rising
33 Brazil 8 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
33 Saudi Arabia 8 μg/cap/d 2023 up 33.3% rising
33 Slovenia 8 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
36 Bulgaria 7 μg/cap/d 2023 up 16.7% falling
36 Haiti 7 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
36 Kyrgyzstan 7 μg/cap/d 2023 up 16.7% rising
36 Panama 7 μg/cap/d 2023 up 16.7% rising
36 Romania 7 μg/cap/d 2023 down 12.5% rising
36 Senegal 7 μg/cap/d 2023 up 75.0% rising
42 Cyprus 6 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
42 Georgia 6 μg/cap/d 2023 up 20.0% flat
42 Philippines 6 μg/cap/d 2023 up 20.0% rising
42 Trinidad and Tobago 6 μg/cap/d 2023 up 50.0% rising
42 Yemen 6 μg/cap/d 2023 up 50.0% rising
47 Barbados 5 μg/cap/d 2023 up 25.0% rising
47 Canada 5 μg/cap/d 2023 up 25.0% rising
47 Comoros 5 μg/cap/d 2023 up 150.0% rising
47 Costa Rica 5 μg/cap/d 2023 up 66.7% rising
47 Ecuador 5 μg/cap/d 2023 down 44.4% falling
47 Gabon 5 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
47 Malta 5 μg/cap/d 2023 up 150.0% rising
47 Oman 5 μg/cap/d 2023 up 66.7% rising
47 Seychelles 5 μg/cap/d 2023 up 66.7% falling
47 Uruguay 5 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
57 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 μg/cap/d 2023 down 50.0% falling
57 Algeria 4 μg/cap/d 2023 up 33.3% rising
57 Estonia 4 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
57 Saint Lucia 4 μg/cap/d 2023 up 300.0% volatile
57 North Macedonia 4 μg/cap/d 2023 down 42.9% falling
57 Portugal 4 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
57 Thailand 4 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
57 Ukraine 4 μg/cap/d 2023 up 33.3% rising
65 Austria 3 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
65 Azerbaijan 3 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
65 Chile 3 μg/cap/d 2023 down 50.0% falling
65 France 3 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
65 Guinea 3 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
65 Gambia 3 μg/cap/d 2023 down 40.0% falling
65 Guinea-Bissau 3 μg/cap/d 2023 up 200.0% rising
65 Ireland 3 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
65 Jamaica 3 μg/cap/d 2023 up 50.0% rising
65 Malaysia 3 μg/cap/d 2023 down 40.0% flat
75 Afghanistan 2 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
75 Armenia 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 Australia 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
75 Bahrain 2 μg/cap/d 2023 rising
75 Bahamas 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 China 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 Congo 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 Germany 2 μg/cap/d 2023 down 33.3% falling
75 Denmark 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 Finland 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 India 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
75 Iceland 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 Israel 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
75 Sri Lanka 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 Luxembourg 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 Madagascar 2 μg/cap/d 2023 down 50.0% falling
75 Montenegro 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 Mongolia 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 Mauritania 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 Pakistan 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 Qatar 2 μg/cap/d 2023 rising
75 Serbia 2 μg/cap/d 2023 down 50.0% falling
75 Sao Tome and Principe 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 Uzbekistan 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
75 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 μg/cap/d 2023 down 50.0% falling
75 China, mainland 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 China, Taiwan Province of 2 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
75 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 μg/cap/d 2023 up 100.0% rising
103 Albania 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 United Arab Emirates 1 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
103 Antigua and Barbuda 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Belgium 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Djibouti 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
103 Dominican Republic 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
103 Spain 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
103 Fiji 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Greece 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Grenada 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
103 Guyana 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged volatile
103 Croatia 1 μg/cap/d 2023 down 66.7% falling
103 Iraq 1 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
103 Italy 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Jordan 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
103 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
103 Kuwait 1 μg/cap/d 2023 down 50.0% falling
103 Lebanon 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Libya 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Lithuania 1 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
103 Latvia 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Marshall Islands 1 μg/cap/d 2023 flat
103 Myanmar 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Mauritius 1 μg/cap/d 2023 down 50.0% falling
103 New Caledonia 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Norway 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
103 Naoero 1 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
103 New Zealand 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged rising
103 French Polynesia 1 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
103 Sierra Leone 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged falling
103 Suriname 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Sweden 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Tajikistan 1 μg/cap/d 2023 down 66.7% volatile
103 China, Hong Kong SAR 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 Republic of Korea 1 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
103 Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged flat
103 China, Macao SAR 1 μg/cap/d 2023 unchanged volatile
140 Bangladesh 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Belarus 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Switzerland 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Czechia 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Indonesia 0 μg/cap/d 2023 down 100.0% volatile
140 Kazakhstan 0 μg/cap/d 2023 down 100.0% volatile
140 Kiribati 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Maldives 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Niger 0 μg/cap/d 2023 down 100.0% falling
140 Solomon Islands 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Slovakia 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Tonga 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Tuvalu 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile
140 Samoa 0 μg/cap/d 2023 volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Cereals and their products — Vitamin A supply (retinol equivalents) by country. Statizoid, drawing on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 04 September 2026, from https://agriculture.statizoid.com/stat/cereals-and-their-products-vitamin-a-supply-retinol-equivalents-value/

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About this data

Indicator
Cereals and their products — Vitamin A supply (retinol equivalents) — Value
Unit
μg/cap/d
Source
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (FAO)
Coverage
179 places, 2,425 data points, 2010–2023
Last refreshed

The dataset presents average daily per capita macro and micro nutrient availability by country and by FAO/WHO GIFT food groups (that are different from those used for the Food Balance Sheets), expressed in grams/milligrams/micrograms/kcal per capita per day. The population numbers used to calculate these statistics can be found in the Supply Utilization Accounts (SUA) dataset of FAOSTAT, as Total Population. Food availability quantities are derived from the SUA dataset. SUAs present a comprehensive picture of the pattern of a country's food supply and utilization during a specified reference period. The SUA shows for each food item - i.e. each primary commodity and a number of processed commodities potentially available for human consumption - the sources of supply and its utilization. The total quantity of foodstuffs produced in a country added to the total quantity imported and adjusted to any change in stocks that may have occurred since the beginning of the reference period gives the supply available during that period. On the utilization side a distinction is made between the quantities exported, fed to livestock, used for seed, put to manufacture for food use and non-food uses, losses during storage and transportation, and food supplies available for human consumption. The per capita supply of each such food item available for human consumption is then obtained by dividing the respective quantity by the related data on the population actually partaking of it.