SDG 2.a.1: highest government level — SDG 2.a.1: Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditure by country
The Statistics Division of FAO collects annually data on Government Expenditure on Agriculture through a questionnaire, which was developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF is the responsible institution for the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) methodology and annually collects...
What the numbers show
SDG 2.a.1: highest government level — SDG 2.a.1: Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditure is currently reported for 192 countries. The highest value is 5.38 in Singapore; the lowest is 0 in Qatar.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.29, and the mean is 0.5341.
Over the past decade 86 countries rose and 97 fell. The largest increase was in South Sudan (up 1,284.8%), and the largest decrease in Iran (Islamic Republic of) (down 90.1%).
SDG 2.a.1: highest government level — SDG 2.a.1: Agriculture: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 5.38 | 2024 | down 31.3% | rising |
| 1 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 0.83 | 2014 | up 112.8% | rising |
| 2 | South Sudan | 4.57 | 2022 | up 1,284.8% | volatile |
| 3 | Luxembourg | 4.32 | 2024 | up 57.1% | rising |
| 4 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 3.67 | 2023 | up 49.2% | volatile |
| 4 | Türkiye | 0.44 | 2024 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 5 | Switzerland | 3.08 | 2023 | down 7.8% | falling |
| 5 | Cabo Verde | 0.49 | 2023 | down 38.8% | falling |
| 5 | Viet Nam | 0.4 | 2023 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 6 | Malta | 2.29 | 2024 | up 94.1% | volatile |
| 6 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 0.29 | 2007 | up 45.0% | rising |
| 7 | Republic of Korea | 2.28 | 2023 | up 11.8% | rising |
| 7 | Republic of Moldova | 0.26 | 2024 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 8 | Zambia | 2.21 | 2024 | up 79.7% | volatile |
| 8 | Polynesia | 0.23 | 2024 | down 8.0% | rising |
| 9 | Botswana | 2.16 | 2024 | down 5.3% | rising |
| 9 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2.16 | 2024 | down 16.3% | rising |
| 10 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 0.18 | 2020 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 11 | Japan | 2.04 | 2023 | down 10.9% | flat |
| 11 | Micronesia | 0.12 | 2024 | down 14.3% | rising |
| 11 | Timor-Leste | 0.12 | 2022 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 11 | Melanesia | 0.12 | 2024 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 12 | Bahamas | 1.99 | 2024 | up 134.1% | rising |
| 13 | Saint Lucia | 1.88 | 2024 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 14 | Djibouti | 1.53 | 2023 | down 19.9% | rising |
| 14 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.11 | 2024 | up 10.0% | falling |
| 14 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.11 | 2023 | up 37.5% | rising |
| 15 | Kuwait | 1.52 | 2022 | down 30.0% | volatile |
| 16 | Cuba | 1.4 | 2019 | — | rising |
| 16 | United Republic of Tanzania | 0.1 | 2024 | up 25.0% | volatile |
| 17 | Bulgaria | 1.35 | 2024 | up 82.4% | rising |
| 17 | Czechia | 1.35 | 2024 | up 7.1% | flat |
| 18 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 0.07 | 2021 | down 90.1% | volatile |
| 19 | Barbados | 1.31 | 2024 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 19 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.01 | 2022 | down 87.5% | volatile |
| 20 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1.28 | 2024 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 21 | Cyprus | 1.25 | 2024 | up 56.2% | falling |
| 22 | United Arab Emirates | 1.22 | 2024 | up 369.2% | volatile |
| 23 | Serbia | 1.19 | 2024 | up 283.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Andorra | 1.09 | 2023 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 25 | Ireland | 1.04 | 2024 | up 25.3% | falling |
| 26 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.99 | 2024 | up 141.5% | falling |
| 27 | China, mainland | 0.95 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 28 | Belarus | 0.89 | 2023 | up 117.1% | falling |
| 28 | Eswatini | 0.89 | 2024 | up 229.6% | falling |
| 30 | Panama | 0.88 | 2024 | up 57.1% | rising |
| 31 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.8 | 2024 | up 105.1% | rising |
| 32 | Slovenia | 0.79 | 2024 | up 51.9% | falling |
| 33 | Bangladesh | 0.78 | 2024 | up 34.5% | rising |
| 34 | Turkmenistan | 0.75 | 2024 | up 150.0% | rising |
| 35 | Denmark | 0.74 | 2024 | up 221.7% | volatile |
| 36 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.72 | 2024 | up 7.5% | falling |
| 36 | Kazakhstan | 0.72 | 2024 | down 23.4% | rising |
| 36 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.06 | 2024 | down 76.9% | rising |
| 38 | Bhutan | 0.66 | 2024 | down 39.4% | rising |
| 38 | Canada | 0.66 | 2024 | up 4.8% | falling |
| 40 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.64 | 2024 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 41 | Austria | 0.63 | 2024 | up 6.8% | falling |
| 42 | Seychelles | 0.59 | 2024 | down 15.7% | flat |
| 43 | North Macedonia | 0.58 | 2024 | up 31.8% | rising |
| 44 | Thailand | 0.54 | 2024 | down 20.6% | falling |
| 45 | New Caledonia | 0.53 | 2020 | up 29.3% | rising |
| 46 | Norway | 0.52 | 2024 | down 43.5% | falling |
| 47 | Germany | 0.51 | 2024 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 47 | Naoero | 0.51 | 2024 | down 33.8% | falling |
| 49 | Estonia | 0.5 | 2024 | up 16.3% | falling |
| 50 | Poland | 0.48 | 2024 | up 54.8% | falling |
| 51 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.47 | 2024 | up 67.9% | rising |
| 52 | Guyana | 0.46 | 2023 | up 21.1% | rising |
| 52 | Cook Islands | 0.46 | 2022 | down 62.6% | falling |
| 54 | Azerbaijan | 0.45 | 2024 | down 2.2% | rising |
| 54 | Bahrain | 0.45 | 2023 | down 59.5% | falling |
| 54 | Finland | 0.45 | 2024 | down 31.8% | falling |
| 54 | Senegal | 0.45 | 2024 | up 55.2% | rising |
| 58 | Sri Lanka | 0.44 | 2023 | down 12.0% | rising |
| 59 | Israel | 0.43 | 2024 | up 19.4% | rising |
| 59 | South Africa | 0.43 | 2024 | down 41.9% | falling |
| 61 | Georgia | 0.42 | 2024 | up 16.7% | volatile |
| 61 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.42 | 2023 | down 50.6% | falling |
| 61 | India | 0.42 | 2023 | down 14.3% | flat |
| 64 | Morocco | 0.41 | 2023 | up 95.2% | rising |
| 64 | Romania | 0.41 | 2024 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 66 | Iceland | 0.4 | 2024 | up 5.3% | falling |
| 66 | Lithuania | 0.4 | 2024 | down 46.7% | falling |
| 66 | Puerto Rico | 0.4 | 2021 | down 38.5% | falling |
| 66 | Tunisia | 0.4 | 2024 | unchanged | falling |
| 70 | Hungary | 0.39 | 2024 | up 25.8% | volatile |
| 70 | Maldives | 0.39 | 2024 | up 254.5% | volatile |
| 72 | Philippines | 0.37 | 2024 | up 5.7% | falling |
| 73 | Algeria | 0.36 | 2024 | up 20.0% | falling |
| 73 | Portugal | 0.36 | 2024 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 73 | Slovakia | 0.36 | 2024 | up 24.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Lesotho | 0.35 | 2024 | down 47.0% | falling |
| 76 | Mauritius | 0.35 | 2024 | down 55.1% | falling |
| 76 | Russian Federation | 0.35 | 2024 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 79 | Spain | 0.34 | 2024 | up 6.2% | falling |
| 79 | Peru | 0.34 | 2024 | down 20.9% | falling |
| 81 | Australia | 0.33 | 2024 | up 10.0% | falling |
| 81 | Chile | 0.33 | 2024 | down 21.4% | falling |
| 83 | Croatia | 0.31 | 2024 | down 44.6% | falling |
| 84 | Fiji | 0.3 | 2023 | down 38.8% | rising |
| 84 | France | 0.3 | 2024 | up 15.4% | falling |
| 84 | Mongolia | 0.3 | 2024 | up 275.0% | volatile |
| 84 | Malawi | 0.3 | 2024 | down 53.1% | rising |
| 84 | Oman | 0.3 | 2024 | down 46.4% | falling |
| 84 | El Salvador | 0.3 | 2024 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 90 | Armenia | 0.29 | 2024 | up 222.2% | rising |
| 90 | Burkina Faso | 0.29 | 2024 | up 81.2% | rising |
| 90 | Mexico | 0.29 | 2024 | down 68.1% | volatile |
| 93 | Dominican Republic | 0.28 | 2024 | down 34.9% | falling |
| 93 | Grenada | 0.28 | 2024 | down 52.5% | falling |
| 93 | Namibia | 0.28 | 2024 | up 3.7% | falling |
| 96 | Central African Republic | 0.27 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 96 | Dominica | 0.27 | 2023 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 96 | Mauritania | 0.27 | 2023 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 99 | Nepal | 0.25 | 2024 | down 26.5% | rising |
| 100 | Gabon | 0.24 | 2023 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 100 | Greece | 0.24 | 2024 | up 166.7% | volatile |
| 100 | Italy | 0.24 | 2024 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 100 | Latvia | 0.24 | 2024 | down 35.1% | volatile |
| 100 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.24 | 2023 | down 76.0% | volatile |
| 100 | Samoa | 0.24 | 2024 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 100 | Australia and New Zealand | 0.24 | 2024 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 107 | Suriname | 0.23 | 2024 | down 39.5% | falling |
| 107 | Tuvalu | 0.23 | 2022 | up 130.0% | rising |
| 107 | Vanuatu | 0.23 | 2024 | up 53.3% | rising |
| 110 | Costa Rica | 0.22 | 2024 | down 24.1% | volatile |
| 110 | Malaysia | 0.22 | 2024 | down 38.9% | falling |
| 112 | Honduras | 0.21 | 2024 | up 90.9% | falling |
| 112 | Indonesia | 0.21 | 2024 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 112 | Jamaica | 0.21 | 2024 | down 47.5% | falling |
| 112 | Montenegro | 0.21 | 2024 | up 250.0% | rising |
| 112 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 0.21 | 2024 | up 5.0% | falling |
| 117 | Sweden | 0.2 | 2024 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 118 | Marshall Islands | 0.19 | 2019 | down 5.0% | rising |
| 118 | Saudi Arabia | 0.19 | 2024 | down 38.7% | falling |
| 120 | Cambodia | 0.18 | 2023 | up 260.0% | volatile |
| 120 | Palau | 0.18 | 2019 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 120 | Uzbekistan | 0.18 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 123 | Belgium | 0.17 | 2024 | up 6.2% | flat |
| 123 | Benin | 0.17 | 2024 | up 13.3% | falling |
| 123 | Egypt | 0.17 | 2024 | up 13.3% | volatile |
| 123 | Togo | 0.17 | 2024 | down 43.3% | falling |
| 123 | Tonga | 0.17 | 2024 | down 15.0% | falling |
| 128 | Guatemala | 0.16 | 2024 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 128 | Nigeria | 0.16 | 2024 | up 14.3% | falling |
| 130 | Congo | 0.15 | 2018 | down 66.7% | volatile |
| 130 | Myanmar | 0.15 | 2020 | down 11.8% | falling |
| 132 | Brazil | 0.14 | 2024 | down 46.2% | falling |
| 132 | Cameroon | 0.14 | 2022 | down 22.2% | rising |
| 132 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.14 | 2024 | up 133.3% | falling |
| 135 | Albania | 0.13 | 2024 | up 44.4% | rising |
| 135 | Jordan | 0.13 | 2023 | down 35.0% | volatile |
| 135 | Pakistan | 0.13 | 2024 | up 44.4% | volatile |
| 135 | Paraguay | 0.13 | 2024 | down 18.8% | falling |
| 135 | Sierra Leone | 0.13 | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Belize | 0.12 | 2024 | up 20.0% | falling |
| 140 | Kenya | 0.12 | 2024 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 140 | Madagascar | 0.12 | 2024 | down 29.4% | falling |
| 140 | Papua New Guinea | 0.12 | 2023 | up 71.4% | rising |
| 144 | Tajikistan | 0.11 | 2024 | up 22.2% | falling |
| 144 | Uganda | 0.11 | 2024 | down 50.0% | falling |
| 144 | Uruguay | 0.11 | 2024 | down 21.4% | falling |
| 147 | Burundi | 0.1 | 2023 | up 42.9% | rising |
| 147 | Colombia | 0.1 | 2024 | down 44.4% | falling |
| 147 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.1 | 2024 | up 42.9% | volatile |
| 147 | Mali | 0.1 | 2023 | down 54.5% | falling |
| 151 | Ethiopia | 0.09 | 2024 | down 52.6% | volatile |
| 151 | Niger | 0.09 | 2024 | down 59.1% | falling |
| 151 | Rwanda | 0.09 | 2024 | down 52.6% | falling |
| 151 | Chad | 0.09 | 2024 | down 40.0% | falling |
| 155 | Gambia | 0.08 | 2022 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 155 | Palestine, State of | 0.08 | 2024 | down 38.5% | rising |
| 155 | Yemen | 0.08 | 2014 | down 42.9% | falling |
| 158 | Argentina | 0.07 | 2024 | down 30.0% | volatile |
| 158 | Guinea | 0.07 | 2023 | down 84.1% | volatile |
| 158 | Haiti | 0.07 | 2023 | down 36.4% | volatile |
| 161 | Ecuador | 0.06 | 2024 | down 79.3% | volatile |
| 161 | Lebanon | 0.06 | 2023 | down 33.3% | volatile |
| 161 | Solomon Islands | 0.06 | 2024 | down 40.0% | falling |
| 164 | Afghanistan | 0.05 | 2023 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 165 | Angola | 0.04 | 2024 | down 60.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Iraq | 0.04 | 2021 | down 71.4% | falling |
| 165 | Kiribati | 0.04 | 2023 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 165 | Mozambique | 0.04 | 2024 | down 33.3% | volatile |
| 165 | Nicaragua | 0.04 | 2023 | down 55.6% | falling |
| 165 | New Zealand | 0.04 | 2024 | down 71.4% | volatile |
| 165 | Ukraine | 0.04 | 2024 | down 50.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Ghana | 0.03 | 2024 | down 25.0% | rising |
| 172 | Liberia | 0.03 | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 174 | Somalia | 0.02 | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 175 | Qatar | 0 | 2020 | — | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Eastern Asia 0.96
- Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia 0.84
- Asia 0.66
- Caribbean 0.76
- Small island developing States (SIDS) 0.62
- Northern Europe 0.66
- Southern Africa 0.47
- Western Europe 0.46
- World 0.45
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 0.23
- Northern America and Europe 0.43
- Northern America 0.42
- Europe 0.41
- Eastern Europe 0.41
- Central Asia 0.39
- Southern Asia 0.38
- Central Asia and Southern Asia 0.38
- European Union (27) 0.37
- United States of America 0.37
- Middle Africa 0.1
- Western Asia 0.32
- Northern Africa 0.31
- Western Asia and Northern Africa 0.31
- Americas 0.29
- South-Eastern Asia 0.29
- Southern Europe 0.28
- Central America 0.25
- Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs) 0.23
- Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs) 0.23
- Oceania 0.22
- Latin America and the Caribbean 0.21
- Africa 0.18
- South America 0.15
- Low Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs) 0.14
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.13
- Western Africa 0.13
- Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand 0.13
- Eastern Africa 0.12
About this data
The Statistics Division of FAO collects annually data on Government Expenditure on Agriculture through a questionnaire, which was developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF is the responsible institution for the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) methodology and annually collects GFS data, including Expenditure by Functions of Government (COFOG). The Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG) is an international classification developed by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and published by the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), with the aim of categorise governments' functions according to their purposes. The FAO questionnaire aligns with Table 7 of the IMF GFS questionnaire, replicates the relevant aggregates and drills down to request additional detail related to Agriculture. The FAO dataset consists of a time series, from 2001 onwards, of Total Government Expenditure and expenditure in: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, along with its three disaggregated subsectors of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; and Environmental Protection. In addition, expenditure in each detailed function are further disaggregated into Recurrent and Capital expenditure. Additional indicators include the Agriculture Share of Government Expenditure, and the Agriculture Orientation Index (ratio between the Agriculture Share of Government Expenditure and the Agriculture Value Added as Share of GDP). Data are reported for the highest level of government available (Consolidated general government, consolidated central government or budgetary central government) and are available for about 100 countries on a regular basis.