Crops and livestock products — Agricultural trade openness index by country
The food and agricultural trade indicators dataset is based on trade, production and gross domestic product (GDP) data. Agri-food trade data are collected, processed and disseminated by FAO according to the standard International Merchandise Trade Statistics (IMTS) Methodology. The data is mainly provided by UNSD,...
What the numbers show
Crops and livestock products — Agricultural trade openness index is currently reported for 164 countries. The highest value is 0.32 in Lesotho; the lowest is 0.01 in China, mainland.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.08, and the mean is 0.0895.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 32.
Over the past decade 79 countries rose and 46 fell. The largest increase was in Sudan (up 150.0%), and the largest decrease in Zimbabwe (down 90.9%).
Crops and livestock products — Agricultural trade openness index: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lesotho | 0.32 | 2024 | up 88.2% | rising |
| 2 | Nicaragua | 0.26 | 2023 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 2 | Cabo Verde | 0.1 | 2024 | down 9.1% | flat |
| 3 | Eswatini | 0.24 | 2024 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 3 | Timor-Leste | 0.13 | 2023 | up 18.2% | falling |
| 3 | Viet Nam | 0.13 | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 4 | Kiribati | 0.23 | 2021 | down 4.2% | flat |
| 5 | Paraguay | 0.21 | 2024 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 6 | Latvia | 0.2 | 2024 | up 17.6% | rising |
| 7 | Tonga | 0.18 | 2023 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 7 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 0.18 | 2024 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 8 | Türkiye | 0.04 | 2024 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 9 | Afghanistan | 0.17 | 2019 | up 54.5% | rising |
| 9 | Belgium | 0.17 | 2024 | up 6.2% | rising |
| 9 | Belize | 0.17 | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 9 | Honduras | 0.17 | 2024 | unchanged | falling |
| 9 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.02 | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 13 | Fiji | 0.16 | 2024 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 13 | Myanmar | 0.16 | 2024 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 13 | Ukraine | 0.16 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 16 | Belarus | 0.15 | 2021 | up 36.4% | rising |
| 16 | Cambodia | 0.15 | 2024 | up 114.3% | rising |
| 16 | Yemen | 0.15 | 2019 | up 66.7% | rising |
| 19 | Lebanon | 0.14 | 2024 | up 55.6% | rising |
| 19 | Lithuania | 0.14 | 2024 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 19 | Montenegro | 0.14 | 2024 | down 12.5% | falling |
| 19 | Malaysia | 0.14 | 2024 | up 7.7% | falling |
| 23 | Dominica | 0.13 | 2023 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 23 | Jordan | 0.13 | 2023 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 23 | North Macedonia | 0.13 | 2024 | unchanged | falling |
| 23 | New Zealand | 0.13 | 2024 | down 13.3% | flat |
| 23 | El Salvador | 0.13 | 2024 | up 8.3% | flat |
| 23 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.13 | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 29 | Bulgaria | 0.12 | 2024 | down 14.3% | rising |
| 29 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.12 | 2024 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 29 | Grenada | 0.12 | 2024 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 29 | Mozambique | 0.12 | 2024 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 29 | Malawi | 0.12 | 2024 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 29 | Namibia | 0.12 | 2024 | up 9.1% | rising |
| 29 | Rwanda | 0.12 | 2022 | up 71.4% | rising |
| 29 | Solomon Islands | 0.12 | 2018 | down 25.0% | falling |
| 29 | Serbia | 0.12 | 2024 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 29 | Slovenia | 0.12 | 2024 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 29 | Seychelles | 0.12 | 2024 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 29 | Thailand | 0.12 | 2024 | up 9.1% | flat |
| 29 | Tunisia | 0.12 | 2023 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 29 | Samoa | 0.12 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 43 | Comoros | 0.11 | 2021 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 43 | Ecuador | 0.11 | 2024 | up 57.1% | rising |
| 43 | Estonia | 0.11 | 2024 | unchanged | falling |
| 43 | Georgia | 0.11 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 43 | Guatemala | 0.11 | 2024 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 43 | Croatia | 0.11 | 2024 | up 37.5% | rising |
| 43 | Saint Lucia | 0.11 | 2020 | unchanged | falling |
| 43 | Maldives | 0.11 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 43 | Mauritania | 0.11 | 2024 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 43 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.11 | 2023 | down 31.2% | falling |
| 43 | Tajikistan | 0.11 | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 43 | Uruguay | 0.11 | 2023 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 55 | Armenia | 0.1 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 55 | Costa Rica | 0.1 | 2024 | down 16.7% | falling |
| 55 | Gambia | 0.1 | 2024 | down 28.6% | falling |
| 55 | Hungary | 0.1 | 2024 | down 9.1% | rising |
| 55 | Jamaica | 0.1 | 2023 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 55 | Morocco | 0.1 | 2023 | up 42.9% | rising |
| 55 | Madagascar | 0.1 | 2023 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 55 | Mongolia | 0.1 | 2023 | up 66.7% | rising |
| 55 | Mauritius | 0.1 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 55 | Poland | 0.1 | 2024 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 55 | Sudan | 0.1 | 2018 | up 150.0% | rising |
| 55 | Slovakia | 0.1 | 2024 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 55 | Uzbekistan | 0.1 | 2024 | up 150.0% | rising |
| 68 | Benin | 0.09 | 2024 | down 40.0% | falling |
| 68 | Bhutan | 0.09 | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 68 | Czechia | 0.09 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 68 | Egypt | 0.09 | 2024 | up 28.6% | falling |
| 68 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.09 | 2024 | down 40.0% | falling |
| 68 | Palestine, State of | 0.09 | 2023 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 68 | French Polynesia | 0.09 | 2022 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 68 | Senegal | 0.09 | 2024 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 68 | Togo | 0.09 | 2024 | up 28.6% | falling |
| 77 | United Arab Emirates | 0.08 | 2023 | up 60.0% | rising |
| 77 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.08 | 2024 | down 11.1% | rising |
| 77 | Barbados | 0.08 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 77 | Denmark | 0.08 | 2024 | down 11.1% | falling |
| 77 | Greece | 0.08 | 2024 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 77 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.08 | 2017 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 77 | Nepal | 0.08 | 2022 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 77 | Portugal | 0.08 | 2024 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 77 | Uganda | 0.08 | 2024 | up 60.0% | rising |
| 86 | Austria | 0.07 | 2024 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 86 | Burundi | 0.07 | 2023 | unchanged | falling |
| 86 | Bahrain | 0.07 | 2023 | down 12.5% | flat |
| 86 | Brazil | 0.07 | 2024 | up 75.0% | rising |
| 86 | Chile | 0.07 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 86 | Cyprus | 0.07 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 86 | Dominican Republic | 0.07 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 86 | Spain | 0.07 | 2024 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 86 | Ghana | 0.07 | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 86 | Kenya | 0.07 | 2023 | down 12.5% | falling |
| 86 | Mali | 0.07 | 2023 | down 12.5% | rising |
| 86 | Oman | 0.07 | 2023 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 86 | Peru | 0.07 | 2024 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 86 | Papua New Guinea | 0.07 | 2023 | down 12.5% | falling |
| 86 | Romania | 0.07 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 86 | Suriname | 0.07 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 86 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.07 | 2024 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 86 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 0.07 | 2024 | down 41.7% | falling |
| 104 | Albania | 0.06 | 2024 | up 20.0% | falling |
| 104 | Argentina | 0.06 | 2024 | down 14.3% | flat |
| 104 | Azerbaijan | 0.06 | 2024 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 104 | Burkina Faso | 0.06 | 2024 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 104 | Bahamas | 0.06 | 2023 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 104 | Botswana | 0.06 | 2023 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 104 | Cameroon | 0.06 | 2023 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 104 | Congo | 0.06 | 2023 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 104 | Algeria | 0.06 | 2017 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 104 | Indonesia | 0.06 | 2024 | unchanged | falling |
| 104 | Ireland | 0.06 | 2024 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 104 | Iraq | 0.06 | 2016 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 104 | Italy | 0.06 | 2024 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 104 | Sri Lanka | 0.06 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 104 | Luxembourg | 0.06 | 2024 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 104 | Philippines | 0.06 | 2024 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 104 | Palau | 0.06 | 2018 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 104 | Zambia | 0.06 | 2024 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 122 | Canada | 0.05 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 122 | Colombia | 0.05 | 2024 | up 66.7% | rising |
| 122 | Germany | 0.05 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 122 | France | 0.05 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 122 | Libya | 0.05 | 2019 | up 66.7% | rising |
| 122 | Mexico | 0.05 | 2024 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 122 | Malta | 0.05 | 2024 | down 16.7% | falling |
| 122 | New Caledonia | 0.05 | 2015 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 122 | Singapore | 0.05 | 2024 | down 28.6% | falling |
| 122 | South Africa | 0.05 | 2024 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 122 | China, Macao SAR | 0.05 | 2024 | up 66.7% | rising |
| 133 | Central African Republic | 0.04 | 2024 | down 33.3% | rising |
| 133 | Guyana | 0.04 | 2024 | down 75.0% | falling |
| 133 | Iceland | 0.04 | 2024 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 133 | Kazakhstan | 0.04 | 2024 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 133 | Kuwait | 0.04 | 2023 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 133 | Pakistan | 0.04 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 133 | Sweden | 0.04 | 2024 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 140 | Australia | 0.03 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 140 | Switzerland | 0.03 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 140 | Ethiopia | 0.03 | 2023 | down 75.0% | falling |
| 140 | Finland | 0.03 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 140 | Niger | 0.03 | 2024 | down 50.0% | falling |
| 140 | Panama | 0.03 | 2024 | down 25.0% | falling |
| 140 | Saudi Arabia | 0.03 | 2024 | down 25.0% | falling |
| 140 | Russian Federation | 0.03 | 2021 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 140 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.03 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 140 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.03 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 150 | Angola | 0.02 | 2024 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 150 | Cuba | 0.02 | 2022 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 150 | India | 0.02 | 2024 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 150 | Israel | 0.02 | 2024 | unchanged | falling |
| 150 | Japan | 0.02 | 2024 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 150 | Norway | 0.02 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 150 | Qatar | 0.02 | 2023 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 150 | Republic of Korea | 0.02 | 2024 | unchanged | rising |
| 158 | Zimbabwe | 0.01 | 2024 | down 90.9% | falling |
| 158 | China, mainland | 0.01 | 2024 | down 50.0% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
About this data
The food and agricultural trade indicators dataset is based on trade, production and gross domestic product (GDP) data. Agri-food trade data are collected, processed and disseminated by FAO according to the standard International Merchandise Trade Statistics (IMTS) Methodology. The data is mainly provided by UNSD, Eurostat, and other national authorities as needed. The source data is checked for outliers, trade partner data is used for non-reporting countries or missing cells, and data on food aid is added to take total cross-border trade flows into account. The trade database includes the following variables: export quantity, export value, import quantity, and import value. It includes all food and agricultural products imported/exported annually by all countries in the world. Production data details are available at https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL and GDP data details are available at https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/MK