Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters?, per square kilometre by country
Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters? divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
189
Highest
3,030 tonnes per square kilometre
Macao
Lowest
0.0427 tonnes per square kilometre
Russia
Median
12.2 tonnes per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
10,071
What the numbers show
Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters?, per square kilometre is currently reported for 189 countries. The highest value is 3,030 tonnes per square kilometre in Macao; the lowest is 0.0427 tonnes per square kilometre in Russia.
The median across all reporting countries is 12.2 tonnes per square kilometre, and the mean is 62.85 tonnes per square kilometre.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 70,896.
Over the past decade 137 countries rose and 41 fell. The largest increase was in Kazakhstan (up 1,184.8%), and the largest decrease in Russia (down 72.7%).
Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters?, per square: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macao | 3,030 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.3% | rising |
| 2 | Hong Kong | 992.38 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.3% | rising |
| 3 | Netherlands | 735.64 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.0% | volatile |
| 4 | Malta | 575 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.2% | rising |
| 5 | Belgium | 514.79 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 6 | Bahrain | 376.25 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | falling |
| 7 | Maldives | 335.57 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Mauritius | 248.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 9 | Tuvalu | 233.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | rising |
| 10 | Barbados | 202.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 11 | Israel | 195.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.8% | volatile |
| 12 | South Korea | 181.39 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 13 | Grenada | 150 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Nauru | 150 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | rising |
| 15 | Bermuda | 148.15 tonnes per square kilometre | 2009 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 16 | Luxembourg | 125.85 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 17 | Comoros | 116.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 178.2% | rising |
| 18 | Slovenia | 113.44 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 187.4% | volatile |
| 19 | Qatar | 112.45 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | falling |
| 20 | Lebanon | 111.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.7% | rising |
| 21 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 105.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.8% | volatile |
| 22 | Gambia | 99.7 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 212.4% | volatile |
| 23 | Kuwait | 87.77 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.6% | volatile |
| 24 | Bangladesh | 84.46 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 189.2% | volatile |
| 25 | Jamaica | 79.5 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.0% | rising |
| 26 | Seychelles | 78.26 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 27 | Cyprus | 77.49 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.4% | rising |
| 28 | United Arab Emirates | 75.11 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.5% | volatile |
| 29 | Ireland | 73.45 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.7% | volatile |
| 30 | Trinidad and Tobago | 71.73 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 31 | Japan | 69.92 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 32 | Portugal | 69.82 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.9% | volatile |
| 33 | Vietnam | 67.28 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 318.0% | volatile |
| 34 | El Salvador | 66.12 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.6% | volatile |
| 35 | Italy | 64.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.9% | rising |
| 36 | Djibouti | 56.86 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.3% | volatile |
| 37 | Germany | 56.3 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.1% | rising |
| 38 | Saint Lucia | 55.74 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 39 | Marshall Islands | 55.56 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 40 | Spain | 53.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 128.9% | volatile |
| 41 | Haiti | 49.67 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.1% | volatile |
| 42 | Dominican Republic | 48.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.3% | volatile |
| 43 | United Kingdom | 45.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.1% | rising |
| 44 | Austria | 44.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.1% | volatile |
| 45 | Turkey | 43.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 128.9% | volatile |
| 46 | Philippines | 41.51 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 198.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Switzerland | 41.1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 48 | Denmark | 41.05 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 49 | Cape Verde | 37.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.0% | volatile |
| 50 | East Timor | 37.19 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 202.2% | volatile |
| 51 | Jordan | 34.63 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.0% | volatile |
| 52 | Costa Rica | 34.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.3% | volatile |
| 53 | Antigua and Barbuda | 31.82 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | unchanged | rising |
| 54 | Cuba | 30.29 tonnes per square kilometre | 2019 | up 60.2% | rising |
| 55 | Latvia | 29.18 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 182.9% | volatile |
| 56 | Tonga | 29.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | flat |
| 57 | Guatemala | 28.15 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 96.9% | volatile |
| 58 | Malaysia | 28.04 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.7% | volatile |
| 59 | Slovakia | 27.87 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 109.7% | volatile |
| 60 | Tunisia | 26.96 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.9% | volatile |
| 61 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 26.92 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 62 | Morocco | 26.04 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.5% | volatile |
| 63 | Kiribati | 24.69 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.6% | volatile |
| 64 | Benin | 23.56 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | up 160.7% | volatile |
| 65 | Armenia | 23.12 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.4% | rising |
| 66 | Hungary | 22.85 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 119.3% | volatile |
| 67 | Czechia | 22.81 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 101.3% | volatile |
| 68 | Rwanda | 22.09 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.7% | volatile |
| 69 | Sao Tome and Principe | 21.88 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | unchanged | volatile |
| 70 | Sri Lanka | 21.86 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.1% | rising |
| 71 | Eswatini | 21.4 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 91.7% | volatile |
| 72 | Senegal | 21.22 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.1% | volatile |
| 73 | Romania | 20.98 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 117.3% | volatile |
| 74 | Azerbaijan | 20.16 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.8% | rising |
| 75 | Montenegro | 20.15 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 76 | Greece | 20.15 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.1% | volatile |
| 77 | Iraq | 17.9 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.7% | volatile |
| 78 | Egypt | 17.16 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.6% | volatile |
| 79 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 17.09 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.8% | rising |
| 80 | French Polynesia | 17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.3% | rising |
| 81 | Albania | 16.93 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 28.0% | volatile |
| 82 | Togo | 16.9 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | up 254.8% | volatile |
| 83 | Honduras | 16.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.9% | volatile |
| 84 | Croatia | 14.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 169.7% | volatile |
| 85 | Poland | 14.43 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.0% | volatile |
| 86 | Thailand | 14.29 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 145.8% | volatile |
| 87 | Panama | 13.89 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.8% | volatile |
| 88 | Lithuania | 13.24 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.0% | volatile |
| 89 | Fiji | 13.19 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.4% | rising |
| 90 | Nepal | 13.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 77.5% | volatile |
| 91 | Georgia | 12.95 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.1% | flat |
| 92 | Liberia | 12.94 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 158.0% | volatile |
| 93 | Mexico | 12.91 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.5% | volatile |
| 94 | Syria | 12.8 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.4% | falling |
| 95 | Guinea-Bissau | 12.2 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 226.7% | volatile |
| 96 | Lesotho | 11.86 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.4% | volatile |
| 97 | North Macedonia | 11.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.6% | rising |
| 98 | Uzbekistan | 11.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 132.9% | volatile |
| 99 | France | 11.47 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.1% | volatile |
| 100 | Micronesia (country) | 11.43 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | falling |
| 101 | Brunei | 11.2 tonnes per square kilometre | 2009 | down 22.4% | volatile |
| 102 | Samoa | 11.15 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.8% | volatile |
| 103 | Sierra Leone | 10.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.3% | volatile |
| 104 | Ghana | 9.81 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.3% | volatile |
| 105 | Cote d'Ivoire | 9.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.8% | volatile |
| 106 | Tajikistan | 9.55 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 107 | Indonesia | 9.38 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.9% | volatile |
| 108 | Norway | 9.36 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.9% | volatile |
| 109 | Dominica | 9.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | up 250.0% | flat |
| 110 | Uruguay | 8.6 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 105.0% | volatile |
| 111 | Oman | 8.41 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.1% | volatile |
| 112 | Kenya | 8.18 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.2% | volatile |
| 113 | Guinea | 8.07 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 137.3% | volatile |
| 114 | Nicaragua | 8.04 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.2% | volatile |
| 115 | Colombia | 8.03 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.7% | volatile |
| 116 | Yemen | 7.96 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.4% | volatile |
| 117 | Ecuador | 7.88 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.9% | volatile |
| 118 | North Korea | 7.85 tonnes per square kilometre | 2018 | up 164.7% | volatile |
| 119 | Afghanistan | 7.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 120.1% | volatile |
| 120 | China | 7.26 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 319.5% | volatile |
| 121 | Uganda | 6.58 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.1% | volatile |
| 122 | Bahamas | 6.29 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.3% | rising |
| 123 | Burundi | 6.27 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | down 5.8% | rising |
| 124 | Burkina Faso | 6.13 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 81.1% | volatile |
| 125 | Bhutan | 6.03 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | — | rising |
| 126 | Saudi Arabia | 5.9 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 28.1% | volatile |
| 127 | Chile | 5.79 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.0% | volatile |
| 128 | Nigeria | 5.57 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.0% | volatile |
| 129 | Iran | 5.52 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.2% | volatile |
| 130 | Estonia | 5.31 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.2% | flat |
| 131 | Moldova | 5.1 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.0% | volatile |
| 132 | Cambodia | 5.02 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 299.1% | volatile |
| 133 | South Africa | 4.85 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.9% | volatile |
| 134 | Vanuatu | 4.76 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.8% | volatile |
| 135 | Peru | 4.7 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.9% | volatile |
| 136 | Bulgaria | 4.67 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.7% | volatile |
| 137 | Algeria | 4.49 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.4% | volatile |
| 138 | Kyrgyzstan | 4.2 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.7% | volatile |
| 139 | Cameroon | 3.97 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 140 | New Zealand | 3.76 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.0% | volatile |
| 141 | Venezuela | 3.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 30.5% | rising |
| 142 | Pakistan | 3.5 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 387.5% | volatile |
| 143 | New Caledonia | 3.45 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.7% | rising |
| 144 | Solomon Islands | 3.18 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.5% | volatile |
| 145 | Zimbabwe | 3.17 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.0% | volatile |
| 146 | Serbia | 2.9 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 144.0% | rising |
| 147 | Somalia | 2.83 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | up 161.5% | rising |
| 148 | Mozambique | 2.82 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Sweden | 2.62 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.1% | volatile |
| 150 | United States | 2.4 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.1% | volatile |
| 151 | Tanzania | 2.33 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.7% | volatile |
| 152 | Papua New Guinea | 2.07 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 193.4% | rising |
| 153 | Malawi | 1.81 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 33.7% | volatile |
| 154 | Belarus | 1.79 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.2% | volatile |
| 155 | Botswana | 1.78 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.8% | volatile |
| 156 | Kazakhstan | 1.75 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1,184.8% | volatile |
| 157 | Madagascar | 1.7 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.1% | volatile |
| 158 | Finland | 1.68 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.5% | volatile |
| 159 | Belize | 1.67 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.2% | rising |
| 160 | Congo | 1.48 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 82.3% | volatile |
| 161 | Iceland | 1.43 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.3% | rising |
| 162 | Ethiopia | 1.41 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.8% | volatile |
| 163 | Gabon | 1.32 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Turkmenistan | 1.29 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 257.6% | volatile |
| 165 | Angola | 1.24 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.2% | volatile |
| 166 | Brazil | 1.19 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.1% | volatile |
| 167 | Laos | 1.16 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 468.1% | volatile |
| 168 | Sudan | 1.08 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | down 9.6% | flat |
| 169 | Niger | 1.05 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.4% | volatile |
| 170 | Namibia | 1.01 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 127.2% | volatile |
| 171 | Canada | 0.9501 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.2% | volatile |
| 172 | Mauritania | 0.8557 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.1% | volatile |
| 173 | Myanmar | 0.7048 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 119.2% | volatile |
| 174 | Mali | 0.6802 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | up 0.4% | volatile |
| 175 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.678 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 96.0% | rising |
| 176 | Libya | 0.6246 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 70.6% | falling |
| 177 | Ukraine | 0.5851 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.0% | volatile |
| 178 | Guyana | 0.5447 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 179 | Paraguay | 0.4495 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.8% | volatile |
| 180 | Suriname | 0.3489 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 181 | India | 0.3387 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.9% | volatile |
| 182 | Bolivia | 0.3111 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.5% | rising |
| 183 | Mongolia | 0.3041 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 177.0% | volatile |
| 184 | Zambia | 0.2381 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 160.3% | volatile |
| 185 | Australia | 0.2022 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.0% | volatile |
| 186 | Chad | 0.1104 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | down 17.3% | volatile |
| 187 | Central African Republic | 0.0963 tonnes per square kilometre | 2022 | down 10.4% | volatile |
| 188 | Argentina | 0.0632 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 41.2% | volatile |
| 189 | Russia | 0.0427 tonnes per square kilometre | 2023 | down 72.7% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters? divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters? ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters? Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) – processed by Our World in Data
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Cereals: which countries are net importers and exporters? divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.